We then describe coupled ice-ocean models and analytical glacier models that quantify the effect of ocean tides on lower-frequency ice sheet mass loss and motion. We review sensitivity of tide heights and currents as ocean geometry responds to variations in sea level, ice shelf thickness, and ice sheet mass and extent. In this review, we summarize in situ and satellite-based measurements of the tidal response of ice shelves and grounded ice, and spatial variability of ocean tide heights and currents around the ice sheets. These tide-induced signals provide insight into the processes by which the oceans can affect ice sheet mass balance and dynamics. Lateral motion of floating and grounded portions of ice sheets near their marine margins can also include a tidal component. Floating ice shelves, which occupy about three quarters of the perimeter of Antarctica and the termini of four outlet glaciers in northern Greenland, rise and fall in synchrony with the ocean tide. Ocean tides are the main source of high-frequency variability in the vertical and horizontal motion of ice sheets near their marine margins.
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